基于Linux嵌入式設(shè)備常用調(diào)試方法很多，本文一口君把調(diào)試語(yǔ)音用到的工具和方法給大家做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。

1. procfs、sysfs

Linux系統(tǒng)上的/proc目錄是一種文件系統(tǒng)，即proc文件系統(tǒng)。與其它常見(jiàn)的文件系統(tǒng)不同的是，/proc是一種偽文件系統(tǒng)（也即虛擬文件系統(tǒng)），存儲(chǔ)的是當(dāng)前內(nèi)核運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的一系列特殊文件，用戶可以通過(guò)這些文件查看有關(guān)系統(tǒng)硬件及當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行進(jìn)程的信息，甚至可以通過(guò)更改其中某些文件來(lái)改變內(nèi)核的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。

基于/proc文件系統(tǒng)如上所述的特殊性，其內(nèi)的文件也常被稱作虛擬文件，并具有一些獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。例如，其中有些文件雖然使用查看命令查看時(shí)會(huì)返回大量信息，但文件本身的大小卻會(huì)顯示為0字節(jié)。此外，這些特殊文件中大多數(shù)文件的時(shí)間及日期屬性通常為當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)時(shí)間和日期，這跟它們隨時(shí)會(huì)被刷新（存儲(chǔ)于RAM中）有關(guān)。

ALSA有自己的proc tree，在/proc/asound這個(gè)目錄下可以找到許多關(guān)于snd card 的詳細(xì)信息。

• /proc/asound

rk3568_r:/ # ls /proc/asound -ltotal 0dr-xr-xr-x 5 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 card0dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 card1-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 cards-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 devices-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 hwdep-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 pcmlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 2024-02-19 22:27 rockchiphdmi -> card1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 2024-02-19 22:27 rockchiprk809co -> card0-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 timers-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 2024-02-19 22:27 version

其中主要的節(jié)點(diǎn)如下：

• cardx：表示注冊(cè)的sound card；
• cards：顯示當(dāng)前配置的Alsa Drivers，index，the id string，short and long descriptions；
• version：顯示版本字符串；
• devices：列舉本機(jī)設(shè)備映射；
• pcm：列舉當(dāng)前可用的 pcm devides，格式如下：-: : : ；

• /proc/asound/cards

通過(guò) proc fs 確認(rèn)聲卡注冊(cè)成功

# cat /proc/asound/cards0 [rockchiprk809co]: rockchip_rk809- - rockchip,rk809-codecrockchip,rk809-codec7 [Loopback ]: Loopback - LoopbackLoopback 1

• /proc/asound/devices

查看聲卡下的功能設(shè)備

rk3568_r:/ #  cat /proc/asound/devices  2: [ 0- 0]: digital audio playback  3: [ 0- 0]: digital audio capture  4: [ 0]   : control  5: [ 1- 0]: digital audio playback  6: [ 1]   : control 33:        : timer

對(duì)于devices的print格式如下：

- Control設(shè)備： “minor: [card_id] : control”；- PCM設(shè)備    ： “minor: [card_id- device_id]: digital audio playback/capture”；- timer設(shè)備  ： “minor: : timer”；

• /proc/asound/pcm

查看聲卡采集、播放PCM信息

rk3568_r:/ # cat /proc/asound/pcmcat /proc/asound/pcm00-00: fe410000.i2s-rk817-hifi rk817-hifi-0 : fe410000.i2s-rk817-hifi rk817-hifi-0 : playback 1 : capture 101-00: rockchip,hdmi i2s-hifi-0 : rockchip,hdmi i2s-hifi-0 : playback 1

• /proc/asound/version

查看ALSA驅(qū)動(dòng)版本

rk3568_r:/ # cat /proc/asound/versioncat /proc/asound/versionAdvanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version k4.19.232.

• /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/sub0/status

查看聲卡0的信息

rk3568_r:/ # cat /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/sub0/statuscat /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/sub0/statusclosed

rk3568_r:/sys/devices/platform/rk809-sound # lsdriver  driver_override  fe410000.i2s-rk817-hifi  modalias  of_node  power  sound  subsystem  uevent

kernel/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rockchip-i2s.txt  rockchip,i2s-tdm.txt

alsa_sound_init函數(shù)中會(huì)調(diào)用snd_info_init函數(shù)創(chuàng)建 /proc/asound目錄，并將該entry保存在全局變量 snd_proc_root(即作為 sound proc root entry)，代碼如下

int __init snd_info_init(void){    //1、創(chuàng)建 alsa proc root entry;    snd_proc_root = snd_info_create_entry("asound", NULL);        if (!snd_proc_root)        return -ENOMEM;    snd_proc_root->mode = S_IFDIR | 0555;    //2、創(chuàng)建 dir: /proc/asound    snd_proc_root->p = proc_mkdir("asound", NULL);        if (!snd_proc_root->p)        goto error;#ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL    snd_oss_root = create_subdir(THIS_MODULE, "oss");    if (!snd_oss_root)        goto error;#endif#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER)    snd_seq_root = create_subdir(THIS_MODULE, "seq");    if (!snd_seq_root)        goto error;#endif    if (snd_info_version_init() < 0 ||    //3、創(chuàng)建 file: /proc/asound/version        snd_minor_info_init() < 0 ||    //4、創(chuàng)建 file: /proc/asound/devices        snd_minor_info_oss_init() < 0 ||        snd_card_info_init() < 0 ||        //5、創(chuàng)建 file: /proc/asound/cards        snd_info_minor_register() < 0)        goto error;    return 0; error:    snd_info_free_entry(snd_proc_root);    return -ENOMEM;}

查看時(shí)鐘clk summary

查詢音頻時(shí)鐘，確認(rèn)時(shí)鐘設(shè)置正確 示例：查詢 i2s0 mclk 頻率，以及其所在的 pll，結(jié)果：mclk 為 12288000 Hz，pll 源為 cpll

cat /sys/kernel/debug/clk/clk_summary | egrep "i2s0|pll"pll_cpll 1 1 0 500000000cpll 5 10 0 500000000mclk_i2s0_rx_div 0 0 0 500000000mclk_i2s0_rx_fracdiv 0 0 0 12288000mclk_i2s0_rx_mux 0 0 0 12288000mclk_i2s0_rx 0 0 0 12288000mclk_i2s0_tx_div 1 1 0 500000000mclk_i2s0_tx_fracdiv 1 1 0 12288000mclk_i2s0_tx_mux 1 1 0 12288000mclk_i2s0_tx 1 1 0 12288000mclk_i2s0_tx_out2io 2 2 0 12288000

2. 寄存器

io命令

通過(guò) io 命令 查看修改寄存器（適合 SOC 寄存器查詢），配合芯片手冊(cè)確認(rèn)配置以及工作狀態(tài)。

# cat /proc/iomem | grep i2sff800000-ff800fff : i2s@ff800000# #io -4 -l 0x40 0xff800000ff800000: 7200000f 004e000f 10003f3f 00000010ff800010: 000f0110 01f00000 00000000 00000003ff800020: 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000001fff800030: 00003eff 00003eff 00000303 20150001

regmap

通過(guò) regmap 節(jié)點(diǎn)查看寄存器（只讀）。

rk3568_r:/ # cat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/namecat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/name                            rk808## rk3568 i2s0控制器寄存器rk3568_r: # cat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/fe400000.i2s/registerscat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/fe400000.i2s/registers                                                                  00: 7200000f04: 01c8000f08: 00001f1f0c: XXXXXXXX10: 000f001014: 01f0000018: XXXXXXXX1c: 0000000020: XXXXXXXX24: XXXXXXXX2c: XXXXXXXX30: 00003eff34: 00003eff38: 00000707## codec es809寄存器rk3568_r:/ # cat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/registerscat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/registers    00: 0001: 0002: 0003: 0004: 0005: 0006: 0007: 0008: 0009: 000a: 000b: 000c: 000d: 000e: 000f: 0010: 0011: 0012: 0313: f414: 00

# ls /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codecff800000.i2s...# cat /sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/registers12: 0313: f414: 0015: ff16: 0017: 4018: 4819: 001a: 001b: ff1c: 001d: 001e: 021f: 00...

注意: regmap 基于 cache 機(jī)制，如果通過(guò) io 命令直接修改寄存器后， regmap 節(jié)點(diǎn)不會(huì)體現(xiàn)更新后的寄存器，除非驅(qū)動(dòng)將寄存器類型設(shè)置為 volatile 或者將 regmap cache 關(guān)閉。

3. alsa-utils

瑞芯微的android版本的sdk中不支持aplay、arecord、amixer這組命令，下面是以復(fù)旦微廠家sdk舉例。

官方sdk的buildroot目錄下執(zhí)行make menuconfig：

  │ Symbol: BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_UTILS_APLAY [=y]            │    │ Type  : boolean                                      │    │ Prompt: aplay/arecord                                │    │   Location:                                          │    │     -> Target packages                               │    │       -> Audio and video applications                │    │ (1)     -> alsa-utils (BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_UTILS [=y])  │    │   Defined at package/alsa-utils/Config.in:57         │    │   Depends on: BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_UTILS [=y]            │    │   Selects: BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_LIB_PCM [=y]

外鏈圖片轉(zhuǎn)存失敗,源站可能有防盜鏈機(jī)制,建議將圖片保存下來(lái)直接上傳

aplay

Usage: aplay [OPTION]... [FILE]...-h, --help              help    --version           print current version-l, --list-devices      list all soundcards and digital audio devices-L, --list-pcms         list device names-D, --device=NAME       select PCM by name-q, --quiet             quiet mode-t, --file-type TYPE    file type (voc, wav, raw or au)-c, --channels=#        channels-f, --format=FORMAT     sample format (case insensitive)-r, --rate=#            sample rate-d, --duration=#        interrupt after # seconds-M, --mmap              mmap stream-N, --nonblock          nonblocking mode-F, --period-time=#     distance between interrupts is # microseconds-B, --buffer-time=#     buffer duration is # microseconds    --period-size=#     distance between interrupts is # frames    --buffer-size=#     buffer duration is # frames-A, --avail-min=#       min available space for wakeup is # microseconds-R, --start-delay=#     delay for automatic PCM start is # microseconds                         (relative to buffer size if <= 0)-T, --stop-delay=#      delay for automatic PCM stop is # microseconds from xrun-v, --verbose           show PCM structure and setup (accumulative)-V, --vumeter=TYPE      enable VU meter (TYPE: mono or stereo)-I, --separate-channels one file for each channel-i, --interactive       allow interactive operation from stdin-m, --chmap=ch1,ch2,..  Give the channel map to override or follow    --disable-resample  disable automatic rate resample    --disable-channels  disable automatic channel conversions    --disable-format    disable automatic format conversions    --disable-softvol   disable software volume control (softvol)    --test-position     test ring buffer position    --test-coef=#       test coefficient for ring buffer position (default 8)                        expression for validation is: coef * (buffer_size / 2)    --test-nowait       do not wait for ring buffer - eats whole CPU    --max-file-time=#   start another output file when the old file has recorded                        for this many seconds    --process-id-file   write the process ID here    --use-strftime      apply the strftime facility to the output file name    --dump-hw-params    dump hw_params of the device    --fatal-errors      treat all errors as fatal

示例：通過(guò)聲卡0 播放 48k 采樣率 2聲道 16 位的靜音數(shù)據(jù)

aplay -D hw:0,0 --period-size=1024 --buffer-size=4096 -r 48000 -c 2 -f s16_le/dev/zero

arecord

Usage: arecord [OPTION]... [FILE]...-h, --help              help    --version           print current version-l, --list-devices      list all soundcards and digital audio devices-L, --list-pcms         list device names-D, --device=NAME       select PCM by name-q, --quiet             quiet mode-t, --file-type TYPE    file type (voc, wav, raw or au)-c, --channels=#        channels-f, --format=FORMAT     sample format (case insensitive)-r, --rate=#            sample rate-d, --duration=#        interrupt after # seconds-M, --mmap              mmap stream-N, --nonblock          nonblocking mode-F, --period-time=#     distance between interrupts is # microseconds-B, --buffer-time=#     buffer duration is # microseconds    --period-size=#     distance between interrupts is # frames    --buffer-size=#     buffer duration is # frames-A, --avail-min=#       min available space for wakeup is # microseconds-R, --start-delay=#     delay for automatic PCM start is # microseconds                         (relative to buffer size if <= 0)-T, --stop-delay=#      delay for automatic PCM stop is # microseconds from xrun-v, --verbose           show PCM structure and setup (accumulative)-V, --vumeter=TYPE      enable VU meter (TYPE: mono or stereo)-I, --separate-channels one file for each channel-i, --interactive       allow interactive operation from stdin-m, --chmap=ch1,ch2,..  Give the channel map to override or follow    --disable-resample  disable automatic rate resample    --disable-channels  disable automatic channel conversions    --disable-format    disable automatic format conversions    --disable-softvol   disable software volume control (softvol)    --test-position     test ring buffer position    --test-coef=#       test coefficient for ring buffer position (default 8)                        expression for validation is: coef * (buffer_size / 2)    --test-nowait       do not wait for ring buffer - eats whole CPU    --max-file-time=#   start another output file when the old file has recorded                        for this many seconds    --process-id-file   write the process ID here    --use-strftime      apply the strftime facility to the output file name    --dump-hw-params    dump hw_params of the device    --fatal-errors      treat all errors as fatal

示例：通過(guò)聲卡0 錄制 16k 采樣率 8聲道 32 位 的音頻數(shù)據(jù)

arecord -D hw:0,0 --period-size=1024 --buffer-size=4096 -r 16000 -c 8 -f s32_ler.wav

aplay | arecord

兩者通過(guò)管道可以方便的實(shí)現(xiàn) loopback 功能，方便驅(qū)動(dòng)調(diào)試和指標(biāo)測(cè)試。 示例：聲卡0 錄制 -> 聲卡1 播放

# arecord -D hw:0,0 --period-size=1024 --buffer-size=4096 -r 48000 -c 2 -f s16_le-t raw | aplay -D hw:1,0 --period-size=1024 --buffer-size=4096 -r 48000 -c 2 -fs16_le -t raw

amixer

控制 codec 內(nèi)部的通路開(kāi)關(guān)，結(jié)合 codec 手冊(cè)的音頻拓?fù)鋱D（比如 圖 3-2 RK3308 codec）實(shí)現(xiàn)音頻流的 路由，音量控制等

Usage: amixer <options> [command]Available options:  -h,--help       this help  -c,--card N     select the card  -D,--device N   select the device, default 'default'  -d,--debug      debug mode  -n,--nocheck    do not perform range checking  -v,--version    print version of this program  -q,--quiet      be quiet  -i,--inactive   show also inactive controls  -a,--abstract L select abstraction level (none or basic)  -s,--stdin      Read and execute commands from stdin sequentially  -R,--raw-volume Use the raw value (default)  -M,--mapped-volume Use the mapped volumeAvailable commands:  scontrols       show all mixer simple controls  scontents   show contents of all mixer simple controls (default command)  sset sID P      set contents for one mixer simple control  sget sID        get contents for one mixer simple control  controls        show all controls for given card  contents        show contents of all controls for given card  cset cID P      set control contents for one control  cget cID        get control contents for one control

示例：查詢聲卡 controls，將播放通路切換到 SPK

# amixer -c 0 contentsnumid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Playback Path'; type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=11; Item #0 'OFF'; Item #1 'RCV'; Item #2 'SPK'; Item #3 'HP'; Item #4 'HP_NO_MIC'; Item #5 'BT'; Item #6 'SPK_HP'; Item #7 'RING_SPK'; Item #8 'RING_HP'; Item #9 'RING_HP_NO_MIC'; Item #10 'RING_SPK_HP': values=0...# # amixer -c 0 cset numid=1 2numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Playback Path'; type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=11; Item #0 'OFF'; Item #1 'RCV'; Item #2 'SPK'; Item #3 'HP'; Item #4 'HP_NO_MIC'; Item #5 'BT'; Item #6 'SPK_HP'; Item #7 'RING_SPK'; Item #8 'RING_HP'; Item #9 'RING_HP_NO_MIC'; Item #10 'RING_SPK_HP': values=2

alsaloop

支持 任意聲卡間的路由 支持 自適應(yīng)時(shí)鐘同步 自持 自適應(yīng)重采樣 支持 mixer controls 重定向

Usage: alsaloop [OPTION]...-h,--help      help-g,--config    configuration file (one line = one job specified)-d,--daemonize daemonize the main process and use syslog for errors-P,--pdevice   playback device-C,--cdevice   capture device-X,--pctl      playback ctl device-Y,--cctl      capture ctl device-l,--latency   requested latency in frames-t,--tlatency  requested latency in usec (1/1000000sec)-f,--format    sample format-c,--channels  channels-r,--rate      rate-n,--resample  resample in alsa-lib-A,--samplerate use converter (0=sincbest,1=sincmedium,2=sincfastest,                               3=zerohold,4=linear)-B,--buffer    buffer size in frames-E,--period    period size in frames-s,--seconds   duration of loop in seconds-b,--nblock    non-block mode (very early process wakeup)-S,--sync      sync mode(0=none,1=simple,2=captshift,3=playshift,4=samplerate,                         5=auto)-a,--slave     stream parameters slave mode (0=auto, 1=on, 2=off)-T,--thread    thread number (-1 = create unique)-m,--mixer redirect mixer, argument is:      SRC_SLAVE_ID(PLAYBACK)[@DST_SLAVE_ID(CAPTURE)]-O,--ossmixer rescan and redirect oss mixer, argument is:      ALSA_ID@OSS_ID  (for example: "Master@VOLUME")-e,--effect    apply an effect (bandpass filter sweep)-v,--verbose   verbose mode (more -v means more verbose)-w,--workaround use workaround (serialopen)-U,--xrun      xrun profiling-W,--wake      process wake timeout in ms-z,--syslog    use syslog for errors

示例：聲卡0錄制的音頻通過(guò)聲卡1播放，同步模式采用 策略1（增加或減少采樣點(diǎn)）

alsaloop -C hw:0,0 -P hw:1,0 -t 10000 -A 3 -S 1 -b -v

es8388播放和錄音舉例

/************************************** * 波形測(cè)試, RAW數(shù)據(jù) **************************************/aplay -D hw:0,0 -f S24_LE -r 44100 -c 2 -t raw /bin/busybox & arecord -D hw:0,1 -f S24_LE -r 44100 -c 2 -d 5  record.wav抓包, 上傳record.wav到電腦，可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)雜波aplay -D hw:0,0 -f S24_LE -r 44100 -c 2 -t raw test.pcm & arecord -D hw:0,1 -f S24_LE -r 44100 -c 2 -d 5  record.wav抓包, 上傳record.wav到電腦，可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)瘋狂小鳥(niǎo)aplay -D hw:0,0 -fS24_LE -r 44100 -c 2 -t raw /all_0x00.bin &arecord -r 44100 -f S24_LE -c 2 -d 30 -D hw:0,1 record.wavaplay -D hw:0,0 -fS24_LE -r 44100 -c 2 -t raw /all_0xff.bin &arecord -r 44100 -f S24_LE -c 2 -d 30 -D hw:0,1 record.wavaplay /test.wav &arecord -r 44100 -f S24_LE -c 2 -d 30 -D hw:0,1 record.wav抓包, 上傳record.wav, 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)瘋狂小鳥(niǎo)/************************************** * 設(shè)置 **************************************/# 查看功能amixer scontrols# 耳機(jī)測(cè)試amixer sset 'Headphone Playback ZC' on # 打開(kāi)耳機(jī)播放 ZCamixer sset 'Right Output Mixer PCM' on # 打開(kāi)右聲道amixer sset 'Left Output Mixer PCM' on # 打開(kāi)左聲道amixer sset Headphone 105,105 # 設(shè)置耳機(jī)音量amixer sset Playback 230,230 # 設(shè)置播放音量# 播放aplay /opt/hardwareTest/wav/test.wav # <---------------------------------------------------# MIC測(cè)試#設(shè)置聲卡輸入捕獲音量大小amixer sset Capture 56,56amixer sset 'ADC PCM' 200,200#音頻輸入，關(guān)閉所有右聲道amixer sset 'Right Input Mixer Boost' offamixer sset 'Right Boost Mixer RINPUT1' offamixer sset 'Right Input Boost Mixer RINPUT1' 0amixer sset 'Right Boost Mixer RINPUT2' offamixer sset 'Right Input Boost Mixer RINPUT2' 0amixer sset 'Right Boost Mixer RINPUT3' offamixer sset 'Right Input Boost Mixer RINPUT3' 0#音頻輸入，打開(kāi)左聲道 1 和 2，關(guān)閉 3amixer sset 'Left Input Mixer Boost' onamixer sset 'Left Boost Mixer LINPUT1' onamixer sset 'Left Input Boost Mixer LINPUT1' 5amixer sset 'Left Boost Mixer LINPUT2' onamixer sset 'Left Input Boost Mixer LINPUT2' 3amixer sset 'Left Boost Mixer LINPUT3' offamixer sset 'Left Input Boost Mixer LINPUT3' 0# 錄音arecord -r 44100 -f S24_LE -c 2 -d 10 -D hw:0,1 record.wav # <---------------------------------------------------# Line IN 測(cè)試#設(shè)置聲卡輸入捕獲音量大小amixer sset Capture 56,56amixer sset 'ADC PCM' 200,200#音頻輸入，打開(kāi)左聲道 3,，關(guān)閉 1 和 2amixer sset 'Left Input Mixer Boost' onamixer sset 'Left Boost Mixer LINPUT1' offamixer sset 'Left Input Boost Mixer LINPUT1' 0amixer sset 'Left Boost Mixer LINPUT2' offamixer sset 'Left Input Boost Mixer LINPUT2' 0amixer sset 'Left Boost Mixer LINPUT3' onamixer sset 'Left Input Boost Mixer LINPUT3' 5#音頻輸入，打開(kāi)右聲道 2，關(guān)閉 1 和 3amixer sset 'Right Input Mixer Boost' onamixer sset 'Right Boost Mixer RINPUT1' offamixer sset 'Right Input Boost Mixer RINPUT1' 0amixer sset 'Right Boost Mixer RINPUT2' onamixer sset 'Right Input Boost Mixer RINPUT2' 5amixer sset 'Right Boost Mixer RINPUT3' offamixer sset 'Right Input Boost Mixer RINPUT3' 0

4. tiny-alsa

RK Android SDK 標(biāo)配 tiny-alsa 工具。

Linux ALSA 在內(nèi)核層提供了 alsa-driver，在應(yīng)用層提供了 alsa-lib，應(yīng)用程序只需要調(diào)用 alsa-lib 提供的 API 即可完成對(duì)底層硬件的操作。

但由于 ALSA 架構(gòu)太過(guò)于龐大，對(duì)于嵌入式設(shè)備而言很多功能用不到，且會(huì)增加功耗，所以 Android 采用了精簡(jiǎn)后的 tinyalsa。

Android 中使用 tinyalsa 控制管理所有模式的音頻通路，也可以使用 tinyalsa 提供的工具進(jìn)行查看、調(diào)試。

Tinyalsa 源碼位于 android 源碼目錄下 external/tinyalsa，可以使用 mmm 命令編譯，

mmm external/tinyalsa

編譯 tinyalsa 后會(huì)生成四個(gè)小工具：

• tinymix
• tinyplay
• inycap
• inypcminfo

1) tinypcminfo

tinypcminfo 用于查看 pcm 通道的相關(guān)信息，如 PCM 采樣率，Channels，采樣點(diǎn)數(shù)等信息。

Usage: tinypcminfo [-D card] [-d device]

示例：

rk3568_r:/ # tinypcminfo -D 0Info for card 0, device 0:PCM out:     Access:   0x000009  Format[0]:   0x000444  Format[1]:   00000000Format Name:   S16_LE, S24_LE, S32_LE  Subformat:   0x000001       Rate:   min=8000Hz      max=96000Hz   Channels:   min=2           max=8Sample bits:   min=16          max=32Period size:   min=8           max=65536Period count:   min=2           max=16384PCM in:     Access:   0x000009  Format[0]:   0x000444  Format[1]:   00000000Format Name:   S16_LE, S24_LE, S32_LE  Subformat:   0x000001       Rate:   min=8000Hz      max=96000Hz   Channels:   min=2           max=8Sample bits:   min=16          max=32Period size:   min=8           max=65536Period count:   min=2           max=16384

2) tinyplay

tinyplay 是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的音樂(lè)播放器，一般用于播放測(cè)試。 可以直接進(jìn)行播放 wav 格式文件，在播放前需要先使用 tinymix 進(jìn)行相關(guān)控件的設(shè)置。

Usage: tinyplay file.wav [-D card] [-d device] [-p period_size] [-n n_periods]

示例：播放src_test_xiaoniao.wav、1khz_44100_16bit.wav 音頻文件

rk3568_r:/sdcard # tinyplay src_test_xiaoniao.wavPlaying sample: 2 ch, 44100 hz, 16 bit 1764000 bytesrk3568_r:/sdcard # tinyplay 1khz_44100_16bit.wavPlaying sample: 2 ch, 44100 hz, 16 bit 15876000 bytes

3) tinycap

tinycap 是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的錄音軟件，一般用于錄音測(cè)試。

使用之前也需要先設(shè)置錄音相關(guān)的控件，設(shè)置好控件后，執(zhí)行 tinycap xxx.wav 即可將音頻錄制到 xxx.wav 中。

Usage: tinycap file.wav [-D card] [-d device] [-c channels] [-r rate] [-b bits][-p period_size] [-n n_periods]

示例：44.1k 采樣率錄制音頻

# tinycap /sdcard/rec.wav -D 0 -d 0 –c 2 –r 44100 –b 16 –p 1024 –n 3rk3568_r:/sdcard # tinycap /sdcard/rec.wav -D 0Capturing sample: 2 ch, 44100 hz, 16 bit

4) tinymix

控制 codec 內(nèi)部的通路開(kāi)關(guān)， 音量控制等。效果等同于 amixer

1）tinymix 可以查看系統(tǒng)的音頻控件，可直接執(zhí)行 tinymix 進(jìn)行查看； 2）tinymix 可以手動(dòng)設(shè)置控件的值，控件可通過(guò) tinymix 查看，或者通過(guò) mixer_paths.xml 查看。

usage: tinymix [-D card]rk3568_r:/sdcard # tinymix --helptinymix [options] [control name/#] [value to set]    options:    --device|-D <card#>   - use the given card # instead of 0.    --all-values|-a       - show all possible values/ranges for control.    --tabs-only|-t        - separate all output columns/values with tabs.    --value-only|-v       - show only the value for the selected control.

示例：

rk3568_r:/sdcard # tinymixMixer name: 'rockchip,rk809-codec'Number of controls: 2ctl     type    num     name                                     value0       ENUM    1       Playback Path                            OFF1       ENUM    1       Capture MIC Path                         MIC OFFrk3568_r:/sdcard # tinymix -aMixer name: 'rockchip,rk809-codec'Number of controls: 2ctl     type    num     name                   value        range/values0       ENUM    1       Playback Path          >OFF RCV SPK HP HP_NO_MIC BT SPK_HP RING_SPK RING_HP RING_HP_NO_MIC RING_SPK_HP1       ENUM    1       Capture MIC Path       >MIC OFF Main Mic Hands Free Mic BT Sco Mic

5. i2c工具鏈

i2c工具主要用于配置codec，本文使用的是es8388，配置該芯片可以通過(guò)i2c接口。

通過(guò) i2c tool 查看修改 codec 寄存器（適合 i2c 類型的 codec 設(shè)備），配合 codec 手冊(cè)確認(rèn)配置以及工作 狀態(tài)。

rk3568sdk集成i2c工具鏈，做了精簡(jiǎn)，與其他版本工具鏈?zhǔn)褂寐杂胁顒e。

安裝命令

apt-get updateapt-get install i2c-tools

linux版本代碼下載路徑：

https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/utils/i2c-tools/

i2cdetect

rk3568_r:/ # i2cdetect --helpusage: i2cdetect [-ary] BUS [FIRST LAST]usage: i2cdetect -F BUSusage: i2cdetect -lDetect i2c devices.-a      All addresses (0x00-0x7f rather than 0x03-0x77)-F      Show functionality-l      List all buses-r      Probe with SMBus Read Byte-y      Answer "yes" to confirmation prompts (for script use)

查詢 i2c0 總線上的設(shè)備

rk3568_r:/ # i2cdetect -y 0     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f00:          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- UU -- -- --20: UU -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

i2cdump

dump 設(shè)備的所有寄存器

rk3568_r:/ # i2cdump --helpusage: i2cdump [-fy] BUS CHIPDump i2c registers.-f      Force access to busy devices-y      Answer "yes" to confirmation prompts (for script use)

示例：查詢 i2c0 總線下 rk817（設(shè)備地址：0x20）的寄存器，其中 0x12 ~ 0x4f 為 codec 寄存器。

rk3568_r:/ # i2cdump -f -y 0 0x20     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f    0123456789abcdef00: 02 00 09 04 08 17 05 00 00 00 01 01 00 01 80 00    ?.?????...??.??.10: 00 00 03 f4 00 00 00 06 c8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..??...??.......20: 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 70 00 66 00 00 00 00 00 0f    ...??..p.f.....?30: 06 03 03 00 a5 02 00 00 01 ff ff 00 00 e0 0f 09    ???.??..???..???40: 69 7f 0c 58 2d 0c 95 01 00 00 00 0f 20 00 0f 00    i??X-???...? .?.50: 8c 00 01 00 01 b0 44 10 00 60 00 00 00 00 00 00    ?.?.??D?.`......60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 eb 00    ............?.?.70: 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 01 ff ff 00 00 00 00    ....????.???....80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................90: 60 80 e9 7f cb df a6 80 e9 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    `????????.......a0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................b0: 00 0f 0f 0f 0f 04 a4 ff ff 00 64 1c 20 64 1a 20    .????????.d? d?c0: 64 00 00 64 1a 20 6b ff ff ff ff ff 0c 0c 0c 0c    d..d? k?????????d0: 0c 0c 6c 6c 6c 6c 6c 6c 30 30 30 30 30 30 09 31    ??llllll000000?1e0: 00 00 00 55 a2 c8 c5 40 00 ff 22 03 0a 80 94 0e    ...U???@.?"?????f0: c2 ac a0 40 18 40 00 86 00 fc 00 ff 00 ff 60 00    ???@?@.?.?.?.?`.

i2cget

查詢單個(gè)寄存器值

Usage: i2cget [-f] [-y] I2CBUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]]I2CBUS is an integer or an I2C bus nameADDRESS is an integer (0x03 - 0x77)MODE is one of:b (read byte data, default)w (read word data)c (write byte/read byte)Append p for SMBus PECrk3568_r:/ # i2cget --helpusage: i2cget [-fy] BUS CHIP ADDRRead an i2c register.-f      Force access to busy devices-y      Answer "yes" to confirmation prompts (for script use)

示例：查詢 rk817 的 0x12 寄存器

rk3568_r:/ # i2cget -f -y 0 0x20 0x120x03

i2cset

修改單個(gè)寄存器值

Usage: i2cset [-f] [-y] [-m MASK] [-r] I2CBUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE]... [MODE]I2CBUS is an integer or an I2C bus nameADDRESS is an integer (0x03 - 0x77)MODE is one of:c (byte, no value)b (byte data, default)w (word data)i (I2C block data)s (SMBus block data)Append p for SMBus PECrk3568_r:/ # i2cset --helpusage: i2cset [-fy] BUS CHIP ADDR VALUE... MODEWrite an i2c register. MODE is b for byte, w for 16-bit word, i for I2C block.-f      Force access to busy devices-y      Answer "yes" to confirmation prompts (for script use)

示例：修改 rk817（0x20） 的 0x12 寄存器，將值改為0

 rk3568_r:/ # i2cset -fy 0 0x20 0x12 0 b rk3568_r:/ # i2cget -f -y 0 0x20 0x12 0x00

i2ctransfer

i2c-tools-4.0及以后版本添加了i2ctransfer命令。

i2cget和i2cset可以讀寫(xiě)的i2c設(shè)備的寄存器地址小于0xff，即寄存器是8位地址。

如果i2c設(shè)備寄存器是16位地址，可使用i2ctransfer命令，該命令同樣可用在寄存器地址是8位的設(shè)備。

1、命令

"Usage: i2ctransfer [-f] [-y] [-v] [-V] [-a] I2CBUS DESC [DATA] [DESC [DATA]]...\n""  I2CBUS is an integer or an I2C bus name\n""  DESC describes the transfer in the form: {r|w}LENGTH[@address]\n""    1) read/write-flag 2) LENGTH (range 0-65535, or '?')\n""    3) I2C address (use last one if omitted)\n""  DATA are LENGTH bytes for a write message. They can be shortened by a suffix:\n""    = (keep value constant until LENGTH)\n""    + (increase value by 1 until LENGTH)\n""    - (decrease value by 1 until LENGTH)\n""    p (use pseudo random generator until LENGTH with value as seed)\n\n""Example (bus 0, read 8 byte at offset 0x64 from EEPROM at 0x50):\n""  # i2ctransfer 0 w1@0x50 0x64 r8\n""Example (same EEPROM, at offset 0x42 write 0xff 0xfe ... 0xf0):\n""  # i2ctransfer 0 w17@0x50 0x42 0xff-\n");

2、用法

## 從i2c 4號(hào)總線0x38設(shè)備的0x3a01寄存器開(kāi)始讀16個(gè)字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù),w2：表示寄存器0x3a01的長(zhǎng)度為2個(gè)字節(jié)i2ctransfer -y -f 4 w2@0x38 0x3a 0x01 r16## 向i2c 4號(hào)總線0x38設(shè)備的0x3a01寄存器寫(xiě)0x10,w3：表示寄存器0x3a01和寫(xiě)入值0x10的長(zhǎng)度為3字節(jié)i2ctransfer -y -f 4 w3@0x38 0x3a 0x01 0x10

邏輯分析儀

調(diào)試過(guò)程中，有時(shí)候我們需要抓取控制器和codec之間語(yǔ)音信號(hào)，并轉(zhuǎn)換成語(yǔ)音數(shù)據(jù)，

一口君使用的是Kingst的 LA系列邏輯分析儀。

這是一款非常簡(jiǎn)單容易上手的設(shè)備，

即使新手也很容易就能上手，

比示波器好用很多。 后面會(huì)單獨(dú)開(kāi)一篇講解該設(shè)備如何抓取波形并轉(zhuǎn)換成語(yǔ)音數(shù)據(jù)。

抓取波形頁(yè)面